Hernia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

 

A hernia occurs when an organ or tissue pushes through a weakened spot in surrounding muscle or connective tissue, most commonly in the groin (inguinal), abdomen, diaphragm, or navel. Causes include muscle weakness, aging, genetics, straining, pregnancy, obesity, and chronic coughing. Symptoms often involve a visible bulge, discomfort, a heavy sensation, and occasionally nausea, vomiting, or urinary issues. Diagnosis is via physical exam and sometimes imaging (ultrasound/CT/MRI). Treatment ranges from watchful waiting and supportive trusses to surgical repair (open or minimally invasive), using mesh reinforcement. Recovery typically takes weeks, with a low risk of recurrence if postoperative care is followed. 

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